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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed drugs for ADHD and can boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. However, click through the next website page cannot cure the condition and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as they are used regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medications can include changes in blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant drugs notice a slight slowing in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a central nervous stimulant, is the most common drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug is effective by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to enhance concentration. It can also help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. People who suffer from diabetes should be aware of this medication as it could cause rapid increases in blood sugar. If you encounter any of these side effects, talk with your doctor. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon which causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare but serious side result. It is important to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms occur. There is some concerns that methylphenidate may slow the growth of children, but this has not been proven to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate, make sure you be aware of their weight and height. If your child is taking tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine, it could pose a risk to children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different formulation of methylphenidate if you have PKU. Stimulants are the most popular medication for treating ADHD However, some people have trouble with them. In these instances doctors might prescribe other drugs that function in a similar manner. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These are stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. They are usually taken every day, either twice or three times however some individuals might be able to take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD drug that boosts concentration while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It's part of a group of medications called selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite among children and adults who want a different medication than stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It may take up to six weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. You may also experience negative side effects, such as nausea and drowsiness. However the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for a majority of patients. The effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg, or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine group saw more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a separate open study in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient however, experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. Three patients also reported transient digestive symptoms, and one complained of increased fatigue. Talk to your doctor prior to you begin treatment with atomoxetine regarding your medical history, including any medications or supplements you take. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medications. It is particularly important to tell your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease, or an unusually sudden death. Avoid Atomoxetine in addition to if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant drug can help improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce the impulsivity of children and improve concentration. However, it does not affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. It's only available with a prescription. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication as instructed. You may experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly. It's typically taken two or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can range from 100mg two or three times per day to 150mg four or three times each day. The drug is absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, meaning it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and impact other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It is essential to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other medication. It's essential to let your doctor know that you are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make side effects worse. A number of studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies had mixed results, and many were not conducted properly. Many of these studies did not include patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. The data indicate that bupropion has a small effect on ADHD. However it is necessary to conduct more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be created it is crucial to understand the underlying causes of the molecular types of ADHD. This includes a better understanding of the relationship between the different molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to know how various anti-ADHD medications work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed for children suffering from ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects, the doctor may turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to help people focus. These older drugs may cause severe adverse negative effects. They are usually only used when other medications are not working. The first option for antidepressants in depression is usually a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants, that have been around for a long time, can be used in some cases. They are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains but their antidepressant action is not the identical. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake. They also function as lower modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in the womb and don't appear to be teratogenic in animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. To reduce the risk of these side effects, your doctor may suggest reducing the dose gradually over a period of several weeks. Bupropion, a common antidepressant that is used off-label to treat ADHD, is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It is also known to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be paired with stimulants for more rapid and lasting results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD, many people do feel relief through the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in sugar and fat can also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might benefit by staying clear of caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medications that you or your child is taking as well as herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will help prevent interactions and reduce unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, and it's often a process of trial and error to determine the right drug and dosage for your child or yourself.